Colonizing Mars

Colonizing Mars.

Organizations

Organizations who've mentioned colonizing Mars; with planned date of colonization.

Organizations who've mentioned developing technologies for Mars colonization.

Organizations who've mentioned visiting or exploring Mars.

Online Resources

In Science

Missions

Current

Planned

Proposals

Crewed Proposals

Launch Window Table

Note: only optimal transfer times shown. Actual times could be a month different if suboptimal. Delta-V values between 2010 and 2040 use a more accurate calculator that assumes a LEO. Also see this offsite table.

Launch Arrival Δv Launches
1960 Oct - 1M No.1, 1M No.2
1962 Oct 2MV-4 No.1, Mars 1, 2MV-3 No.1
1964 Nov Mariner 3, Mariner 4, Zond 2
1967 Jan -
1969 Mar Mariner 6, 2M No.521, Mariner 7, 2M No.522
1971 May Mariner 8, Kosmos 419, Mars 2, Mars 3, Prop-M Rover rover, Mariner 9
1973 Jul Mars 4, Mars 5, Mars 6, Mars 7
1975 Aug Viking 1, Viking 2
1977 Oct -
1979 Dec -
1982 Feb -
1984 Apr -
1986 Jun -
1988 Jul Phobos 1, Phobos 2
1990 Aug -
1992 Sep Mars Observer
1994 Oct -
1996 Nov Mars Global Surveyor, Mars 96, Mars Pathfinder, Sojourner
1998 Dec Nozomi, Mars Climate Orbiter, Mars Polar Lander, Deep Space 2
2001 Apr Mars Odyssey
2003 Jun Mars Express, Beagle 2, Spirit, Opportunity
2005 Aug Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
2007 Sep Phoenix
2009 Oct -
2011 Nov 15 2012 Jun 26 3.70 km/s Fobos-Grunt, Yinghuo-1, Curiosity
2013 Dec 22 2014 Jul 18 3.60 km/s Mangalyaan, Maven
2016 Feb 14 2016 Aug 8 3.60 km/s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, Schiaparelli EDM lander
2018 May 10 2018 Sep 15 3.75 km/s InSight, MarCO
2020 Jul 18 2020 Dec 9 3.96 km/s Emirates Mars Mission, Perseverance, Tianwen-1
2022 Aug 25 2022 Jul 11 3.98 km/s -
2024 Oct 1 2025 Aug 1 3.80 km/s -
2026 Oct 23 2027 Jul 22 3.69 km/s EscaPADE?, Icebreaker Life?, IR Lander, Mangalyaan 2, Martian Moons Exploration, Next Mars Orbiter?, Phootprint?, SpaceX Cargo Mission 1?, TEREX?
2028 Nov 29 2029 Sep 29 3.59 km/s ERO?, Rosalind Franklin, Tianwen-3, SpaceX Cargo Mission 2?
2031 Jan 22 2031 Aug 2 3.60 km/s DePhine?, Mangalyaan 3?, Mars Exploration Ice Mapper?, Mars-Grunt?, SpaceX Crewed Mission?
2033 Apr 17 2033 Oct 10 3.60 km/s NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return?
2035 Jun 26 2036 Jan 4 3.64 km/s -
2037 Aug 18 2038 Aug 5 3.91 km/s -
2039 Sep 9 2040 Jul 9 3.95 km/s -
2041 Oct - -
2043 Dec -
2046 Feb "Self-sustaining Mars Colony"

Technologies

Spacecraft

Art

Colonies

Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Martian Colony Astronaut stands before a Martian City Martian City Martian City Martian City Martian City

Explorers

Astronaut planting trees on Mars Astronaut surveying Mars Astronaut resting on Mars Astronaut hiking on Mars Astronaut resting on Mars Astronaut surveying Mars Three astronauts surveying Mars Two astronauts surveying Mars Three astronauts surveying Mars

In Orbit

Astronaut Orbiting Mars Capsule Orbiting Mars Station Orbiting Mars

Terraformed Mars

Terraformed Mars Terraformed Mars Terraformed Mars Terraformed Mars

Retro Art

Two men by a dish