"Please" across Languages
I beg
- Polish: proszę/prosimy
- Seems to have only a slight preference to exist clause-finally.
Also fairly common clause-initially.
- Inflects for number of speaker (singular/plural).
- Takes an infinitive.
I will love you
- Latin: amabo (te)
-
Since I don't know of any study on this, I will conduct my own (corpus):
As for position:
- immediate postverbal: 9 attestations (Cic. Att. 2.2.1, Pl. Am. 1.3, Pl. Cas. 1.1, Pl. Cur. 1.2, Pl. Mos. 1.3.10, Pl. Mos. 1.3.140, Pl. Per. 2.2, Pl. Poen. 1.2, Ter. Eu. 1.2)
- clause-initial: 6 attestations (Catul. 32, Cic. Fam. 2.7.2, Cic. Q. fr. 1.4.1, Pl. As. 3.3, Pl. Truc. 1.2, Cic. de Orat. 2.278)
- immediate preverbal: 4 attestations (Pl. Cist. 1.1.105, Pl. Men. 2.3.30, Pl. Men. 2.3.50, Pl. Mil. 2.4)
- clause-second: 2 attestations (Pl. Bac. 1.1, Pl. Cist. 1.1.100)
- clause-final: 2 attestations (Pl. Aul. 2.1, Pl. Cist. 1.1.110)
As for inflection(s):
- 2.S.PRES.IMP: 19 attestations (Cic. Att. 2.2.1, Catul. 32, Cic. Fam. 2.7.2, Pl. Am. 1.3, Pl. As. 3.3, Pl. Aul. 2.1, Pl. Cas. 1.1, Pl. Cist. 1.1.105, Pl. Cist. 1.1.110, Pl. Cur. 1.2, Pl. Men. 2.3.50, Pl. Mil. 2.4, , Pl. Mos. 1.3.10, Pl. Mos. 1.3.140, Pl. Per. 2.2, Pl. Poen. 1.2, Pl. Truc. 1.2, Ter. Eu. 1.2, Cic. de Orat. 2.278)
- 2.S.PRES.SUBJ: 3 attestations (Cic. Q. fr. 1.4.1, Pl. Bac. 1.1, , Pl. Cist. 1.1.100)
- 2.S.PRES.IND: 1 attestation (Pl. Men. 2.3.30)
As for form(s):
- amabo: 16 attestations (Catul. 32, Pl. Am. 1.3, Pl. As. 3.3, Pl. Aul. 2.1, Pl. Cist. 1.1.105, Pl. Cist. 1.1.110, Pl. Cur. 1.2, Pl. Men. 2.3.30, Pl. Men. 2.3.50, Pl. Mil. 2.4, Pl. Mos. 1.3.10, Pl. Mos. 1.3.140, Pl. Per. 2.2, Pl. Poen. 1.2, Pl. Truc. 1.2, Ter. Eu. 1.2)
- amabo te: 6 attestations (Cic. Att. 2.2.1, Cic. Fam. 2.7.2, Cic. Q. fr. 1.4.1, Pl. Bac. 1.1, Pl. Cas. 1.1, Cic. de Orat. 2.278)
- te amabo: 1 attestation (Pl. Cist. 1.1.100)
Misc notes:
- Seems to also be able to be used to request an explanation (reminiscent of the archaic English idiom pray tell):
- Quid ita, amabo? (Pl. Cist. 1.1)
- Amabo, cuia vox sonat procul? (Pl. Cur. 1.2)
- Say, whose voice is calling out in the distance?
if it pleases you
- English: please
- Three valid positions: clause-initial, clause-final, or immediate preverbal.
In simple clauses, the first feels by far to be the most common and neutral.
- Syntactically, this is an adverb and therefore frequently comes between the verb and its auxiliary (or 'to', if infinitive):
eg. "Tell him to please stop calling me."
and "If you would please turn the computer on, we can begin."
- Also frequently construed as an interrogative with the modal can/could or will/would:
eg. "Would you please not shoot the pigeons?"
- Clause is otherwise inflected in the imperative mood.
- French: s'il vous/te plaît
- Seems to have a strong preference to lie at the end of the clause.
- Inflects to listener, in politeness/number (these categories are somewhat collapsed in French).
- Clause is inflected in the imperative mood.
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